Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and disease management. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity connected with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspects,

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable power to safeguard delicate skin. This calming element has long been employed in a number of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective qualities. Creating a physical defense on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful sunlight,